Around the world, formal education systems are bringing 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 knowledge to learners. But what exactly is set down in different countries’ 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 curricula, and what are classroom educators teaching? This was the topic of the first in the autumn series of our 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 Pi 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 seminars on Tuesday 8 September.

We heard from an international team (Monica McGill , USA; Rebecca Vivian, Australia; Elizabeth Cole, Scotland) who represented a group of 《淫辱的秘书调教39》ers also based in England, Malta, Ireland, and Italy. As a 《淫辱的秘书调教39》er working at the 安捷赛鸽赛事直播, I myself was part of this 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 group. The group developed METRECC, a comprehensive and validated survey tool that can be used to benchmark and measure developments of the teaching and learning of 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 in formal education systems around the world. Monica, Rebecca, and Elizabeth presented how the 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 group developed and validated the METRECC tool, and shared some findings from their pilot study.

What’s in a 双人打扑克剧烈运动视频? Developing a survey tool

Those of us who work or have worked in school education use the word ‘双人打扑克剧烈运动视频’ frequently, although it’s an example of education terminology that means different things in different contexts, and to different people. Following Porter and Smithson (2001)¹, we can distinguish between the intended 双人打扑克剧烈运动视频 and the enacted 双人打扑克剧烈运动视频:

• Intended 双人打扑克剧烈运动视频: Policy tools as 双人打扑克剧烈运动视频 standards, frameworks, or guidelines that outline the 双人打扑克剧烈运动视频 teachers are expected to deliver.
• Enacted 双人打扑克剧烈运动视频: Actual curricular content in which students engage in the classroom, and adopted pedagogical approaches; for computer science (CS) curricula, this also includes students’ use of technology, physical 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 devices, and tools in CS lessons.

To compare the intended and enacted 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 双人打扑克剧烈运动视频 in as many countries as possible, at particular points in time, the 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 group Monica, Rebecca, Elizabeth, and I were part of developed the METRECC survey tool.

METRECC stands for MEasuring TeacheREnacted Computing Curriculum. The METRECC survey has 11 categories of questions and is designed to be completed by 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 teachers within 35–40 minutes. Following best practice in 《淫辱的秘书调教39》, which calls for standardised 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 instruments, the 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 group ensured that the survey produces valid, reliable results (meaning that it works as intended) before using it to gather data.

Using METRECC in a pilot study

In their pilot study, the 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 group gathered data from 7 countries. The intended 双人打扑克剧烈运动视频 for each country was determined by examining standards and policies in place for each country/state under consideration. Teachers’ answers in the METRECC survey provided the countries’ enacted curricula. (The complete dataset from the pilot study is publicly available at csed《淫辱的秘书调教39》.org, a very useful site for CS education 《淫辱的秘书调教39》ers where many surveys are shared.)

The 《淫辱的秘书调教39》ers then mapped the intended to the enacted curricula to find out whether teachers were actually teaching the topics that were prescribed for them. Overall, the results of the mapping showed that there was a good match between intended and enacted curricula. Examples of mismatches include lower numbers of primary school teachers reporting that they taught visual or symbolic programming, even though the topic did appear on their 双人打扑克剧烈运动视频.

Another aspect of the METRECC survey allows to measure teachers’ confidence, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. The results of the pilot study showed a relationship between years of 双人打扑克剧烈运动视频 and CS self-esteem; in particular, after four years of teaching, teachers started to report high self-esteem in relation to computer science. Moreover, primary teachers reported significantly lower self-esteem than secondary teachers did, and female teachers reported lower self-esteem than male teachers did.

Adapting the survey’s language

The METRECC survey has also been used in South Asia, namely Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka (where 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 is taught under ICT). Amongst other things, what the 《淫辱的秘书调教39》ers learned from that study was that some of the survey questions needed to be adapted to be relevant to these countries. For example, while in the UK we use the word ‘gifted’ to mean ‘high-attaining’, in the South Asian countries involved in the study, to be ‘gifted’ means having special needs.

The study highlighted how important it is to ensure that surveys intended for an international audience use terminology and references that are pertinent to many countries, or that the survey language is adapted in order to make sense in each context it is delivered. 

Let’s keep this monitoring of 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 education moving forward!

The seminar presentation was well received, and because we now hold our seminars for 90 minutes instead of an hour, we had more time for questions and answers.

My three main take-aways from the seminar were:

1. International collaboration is key

It is very valuable to be able to form international working groups of 《淫辱的秘书调教39》ers collaborating on a common project; we have so much to learn from each other. Our 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 Pi 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 seminars attract educators and 《淫辱的秘书调教39》ers from many different parts of the world, and we can truly push the field’s understanding forward when we listen to 双人打扑克剧烈运动视频s and lessons of people from diverse contexts and cultures.

2. Making 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 data publicly available

Increasingly, it is expected that 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 datasets are made available in publicly accessible repositories. While this is becoming the norm in healthcare and scientific, it’s not yet as prevalent in 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 education 《淫辱的秘书调教39》. It was great to be able to publicly share the dataset from the METRECC pilot study, and we encourage other 《淫辱的秘书调教39》ers in this field to do the same. 

3. Extending the global scope of this 《淫辱的秘书调教39》

Finally, this work is only just beginning. Over the last decade, there has been an increasing move towards teaching aspects of computer science in school in many countries around the world, and being able to measure change and progress is important. Only a handful of countries were involved in the pilot study, and it would be great to see this 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 extend to more countries, with larger numbers of teachers involved, so that we can really understand the global picture of formal 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 education. Budding 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 students, take heed!

If you missed the seminar, you can find the presentation slides and a recording of the 《淫辱的秘书调教39》ers’ talk on our seminars page.

Next up in our seminar series

In our next seminar on Tuesday 6 October at 17:00–18:30 BST / 12:00–13:30 EDT / 9:00–10:30 PT / 18:00–19:30 CEST, we’ll welcome Shuchi Grover, a prominent 《淫辱的秘书调教39》er in the area of computational thinking and formative assessment. The title of Shuchi’s seminar is Assessments to improve student learning in introductory CS classrooms. To join, simply sign up with your name and email address.

Once you’ve signed up, we’ll email you the seminar meeting link and instructions for joining. If you attended this past seminar, the link remains the same.

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1. Andrew C. Porter and John L. Smithson. 2001. Defining, Developing and Using 双人打扑克剧烈运动视频 Indicators. CPRE 《淫辱的秘书调教39》 Reports, 12-2001. (2001)