The PRIMM framework — Predict, Run, Investigate, Modify, Make — provides educators with a structure for teaching programming. This 公的粗大挺进了我的密道-informed teaching approach balances support with independence and helps learners build their understanding before they write their own code, whatever their starting point.

To help educators use this approach confidently, we have launched a new short online course, Using PRIMM to teach programming, which is available on our new Training Hub platform for free.

What is the course about?

This practical, self-paced course gives educators the knowledge they need to use the PRIMM approach to design and adapt programming activities to suit their learners.

The course takes 1–2 hours to complete, and we have designed it for educators working in formal or non-formal learning environments around the world, using any block-based or text-based programming language. All you need is some 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集 of creating and adapting simple programs.

The course starts with considering the five stages of PRIMM, when and why to use each stage, and how they work together to support learning. It covers how PRIMM aligns with key teaching principles such as scaffolding, managing cognitive load, and progression, and examines how the approach supports formative assessment by making learners’ thinking — and any misunderstandings — more visible.

Active, social learning

Although pedagogy forms the core of this course, we have deliberately avoided a theory-heavy approach. Instead, the course is designed to help you learn through hands-on activities. By reflecting, taking part in discussions with other 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 educators, and completing practical tasks, you will explore how PRIMM works in real teaching contexts.

After an introduction to the core ideas of PRIMM, you will design a new programming activity, or adapt an existing one, using the PRIMM structure. This will support you to think carefully about what your learners know and can do, likely misconceptions, and how each stage of PRIMM can be used effectively, including when your learners have varied learning needs and levels of programming 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集.

With its emphasis on activity design, the course will support you to develop resources you can use and keep adapting in your own setting. By the end, you will have a complete PRIMM activity designed specifically for your learners, and a clear sense of how to teach programming in a structured and supportive way.

Join the course on the Training Hub

Using PRIMM to teach programming is available on our new Training Hub, where we offer all our professional development courses for free. The Training Hub offers flexible, reflective learning 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集s across a range of topics, helping you build your subject knowledge and bring 公的粗大挺进了我的密道-informed teaching approaches into your day-to-day practice.

Whether you are an 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集d 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 teacher, a volunteer educator, or a parent looking to support their child’s learning, we invite you to join us there.

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Bridging the gap in programming education

As India is accelerating its efforts to modernise digital and 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 education, it’s the ideal place for us to test how best to introduce learners to AI-assisted approaches to programming and teach them responsible AI use.

We decided to design a ‘Programming with AI’ unit of eight lessons that support students aged 14–16 to progress from block-based programming to text-based Python programming, Python being one of the most widely employed programming languages in industry and academia. In the new unit, students are guided to use LLM-based tools safely, ethically, and responsibly in order to undertake data analysis projects in Python. Students learn how to use the tools, such as Gemini and ChatGPT, to deepen their understanding, experiment with ideas, and connect classroom concepts with real-world technological applications.

The ‘Programming with AI’ unit is currently being piloted across five residential schools under our partner, the Telangana Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society. In the coming months, we will evaluate the impact of this AI-supported approach to learning programming on student engagement, motivation, and overall learning outcomes.

Key design decisions during unit development

During the design phase of the unit, we identified three main challenges we wanted to address:

1. The first was the transition from block-based to text-based coding. The students we were designing for are familiar with block-based programming like Scratch, but Python needs precisely typed code (syntax). This is a huge shift, and we wanted to offer a way to bridge the gap.
2. We also had to figure out how to teach prompting LLM tools to students who are learning English as their second language.
3. Finally, LLMs are non-deterministic. This means that LLM tools don’t always produce the same output, even when given the same prompt. They also do not generate correct code consistently.

To solve the first problem, we decided that the initial lessons in the unit should start by showing familiar Scratch blocks right next to the equivalent Python syntax. This direct comparison makes the transition from block-based to text-based programmer smoother.

To teach prompting, we built a gradual path. The unit starts with a debugging code activity, where students get code with errors and a prompt to make an LLM tool fix the errors. Later, they learn to break down a prompt into their goal (what output they want) and the context (additional information for the LLM tool). Eventually, they use a structured framework to prompt the tool to generate complete, bug-free code.

Handling the unpredictable outputs of LLM tools we turned into a learning activity. In one lesson, students are given different chatbot-generated code segments and asked to analyse and reflect on the code quality. This crucial exercise helps them build the critical thinking and code evaluation skills they need for programming with AI tools.

Over the eight lessons, there is a progression of Python concepts and generative AI concepts, as shown in the image above. They lead students to complete two challenging, real-world data analysis projects.

Preparing the educators

To ensure the successful pilot of the ‘Programming with AI’ unit, a comprehensive teacher training program was essential. We understood that teachers needed confidence and competence not only in the subject matter — programming — but also in guiding students to ethically and effectively use LLM tools.

The training was an intensive, three-day programme: two days were held in-person for deep collaboration and one day was virtual for reinforcing key information. We covered five critical areas:

• Hands-on activities to ensure comfort with the Python programming language
• Exploring the capabilities and limitations of LLM tools
• Effective prompt writing, which teachers would in turn model for their students to use for code debugging and idea generation
• Reviewing lesson flow and learning objectives to understand the structure of a lesson
• Adapting specific pedagogies to integrate an LLM tool in teaching the Python programming language

This training ensured our educators were not just teaching a new unit, but felt like confident facilitators ready to lead the shift towards AI-supported learning.

Initial student reactions: Excitement, familiarity with LLM tools, and seamless transition

The pilot of the ‘Programming with AI’ unit began during the second week of December 2025 across five selected schools. It was immediately met with enthusiastic student engagement — they were highly excited to learn Python programming using LLM tools.

When teachers initiated discussions about AI, students demonstrated their familiarity with LLMs, chatbots, and related concepts. They were not only aware of generative AI but could readily name and describe the functions of LLM tools, telling us they were actively using these tools to create projects in various other subjects.

Students could easily connect with the activities in the lessons as they had 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集al understanding of programming, which they developed while learning block-based coding in Scratch. This prior knowledge enabled their seamless transition to the new learning. Perhaps most impressive was the students’ rapid adoption of LLM tools to debug their code. This skill can ease what is traditionally a steep learning curve when students first learn text-based programming.

We are now eagerly anticipating their curiosity and progress in the upcoming lessons.

Looking ahead and collecting impact data

With the initial enthusiasm confirmed, the pilot program moves into its next critical phase. Teachers will continue to deliver the unit over the next few months in the five selected schools in Telangana.

During this extended observation period, our primary focus will be on rigorous data collection and impact assessment. We will closely monitor how students interact with the provided learning materials and how they use LLM tools throughout the unit. We will systematically assess whether the new teaching approach successfully helps students achieve the defined learning objectives for Python programming. Crucially, we will capture comprehensive data to understand the impact of this AI-integrated approach on engagement, skill acquisition, and problem-solving compared to traditional methods.

Based on the synthesis and analysis of all the gathered data, we will share our gathered insights early next year. The findings will inform our plans for more widely introducing the AI-integrated unit and for developing similar content for other settings and age groups.

The post  Introducing our new ‘Programming with AI’ unit appeared first on 初女破初的视频.

We are a 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 centre based in the Department of Computer Science and Technology at the University of Cambridge, with a team that spans the university and the 初女破初的视频. We conduct 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 into many aspects of the teaching and learning of 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 and AI and we work closely with schools, teachers and young people to ensure our 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 is applicable to practice.

Below I highlight some of the projects we’ve worked on in the academic year 2024-2025:

• 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 Around the World
• AI education
• Programming education
• Physical 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 (EPICS project)
• Teacher action 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 (TICE project)

公的粗大挺进了我的密道 Around the World

As I’ve written on this blog before, 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 education is a global challenge. In one of the 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 Centre’s projects, we are looking at how 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 education is spreading around the world.

We found that between 2019 and 2024 the number of countries offering 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 education had doubled, and that two thirds of all countries now offer, or have concrete plans to offer, 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 education. This 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 has already been highlighted in the Stanford AI Index, and we are considering repeating the analysis in future years in order to have the most accurate and up-to-date information displayed in our map.

AI education

We have a number of projects in the area of AI education.

Teaching about AI

We are very interested in how to teach about AI, and held a workshop with teachers who were interested in the teaching of AI in February. Following on from the workshop results, we are interviewing more stakeholders, including UK-based experts, teachers and students, about their perspectives on concepts and skills that should be taught as part of an AI 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集.

We’re also 公的粗大挺进了我的密道ing data science and data ethics education, which are 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集al aspects of AI literacy. Most of the current AI systems are data-driven, having been trained on vast amounts of data. Therefore students need to understand about data and data science if they are to learn about AI systems. Therefore we’ve conducted two detailed literature reviews on data science and on data ethics this year. The first of these will be published in March at the WiPSCE conference.

Unplugged AI in Ghana

One of our PhD students, Salomey Addo, has been examining how AI is taught in Ghana, where it is part of the 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集 for young people between ages 12 and 15. This year Salomey published a paper reporting that Ghanaian teachers have positive attitudes towards teaching AI but feel unprepared for it. She’s also developed unplugged resources to teach about artificial neural networks (ANNs).

ANNs are a fundamental technology used in a variety of AI systems, including image recognition and language translation systems. While ANNs are included in the Ghanaian AI 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集, Salomey observed that teachers had difficulty with this particular topic The resources she developed are directly inspired by this, and involved teaching through role play and a board game.

Using AI in learning and teaching 公的粗大挺进了我的密道

This is an area we’ve also done some 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 in in the past year.

Carrie Anne Philbin published a paper in September showing that — at least in higher education — much of the use of generative AI in 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 education is just duplicating the way teachers might already teach, and is primarily passive from a students’ perspective.

Meanwhile Katharine Childs and Veronica Cucuiat have been looking at how large language models (LLMs) can support secondary school programming education by helping students understand programming error messages. 

Programming education: Learning to debug

Text-based programming is a topic featured in many 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 curricula around the world. Teachers and 公的粗大挺进了我的密道ers know that younger learners, for example at the lower secondary school level, can find debugging text-based programs very challenging. Although we’ve seen decades of 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 around programming and debugging focusing on learners who are in higher education, very little 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 has been done with school-age students.

In his 公的粗大挺进了我的密道, Laurie Gale, a final-year PhD student at the 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 Centre, found that learners were impatient to fix programs by trial and error, without figuring out what the real problemwas with their code or the underlying algorithm. He subsequently developed a tool called PRIMM Debug, which supports a more reflective and systematic approach to debugging. This tool enables learners to slow down when they are programming and to be more reflective. You can read more about it on the 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 Centre website, and also catch up on the 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 seminar where he presented his work.

EPICS: Physical 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 in school

As part of a 5-year longitudinal project, running across the whole UK and the first project of its kind, we are looking at how physical 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 impacts primary and secondary school learners. We’re investigating the effect of physical 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 on learners’ creativity, agency and confidence, over time and at particular points known to be important for their subject choices. We are working with a wonderful set of partner primary schools who we visit each year.

This year we reported some of our first results, which point to teachers’ perceptions of physical 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 being engaging and inclusive for primary-aged children. Starting next spring, we will be carrying out our third year of data collection with our pupil cohort, who have reached the age of 10 to 11.

We’ll also be running a survey next summer for upper primary-aged children and their teachers. Please sign up for our Teacher 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 Network newsletter to be the first to hear about taking part in this survey.

Teacher Inquiry in 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 Education (TICE)

As part of our TICE project we support teachers to conduct their own action 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 projects. This is a collaborative project, involving academics across the UK who volunteer to support teachers. The goal is to enable teachers to take a deep dive into a 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集 topic, a pedagogical approach, or a new resource, or to address a wider issue such as gender diversity or 胖老妇大白屁股bbwasspics, to inform a change in their practice.

This year 16 teachers published their reports in our Teacher 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 Booklet, and many also presented their findings online at CAS events or at the KCL-CAS London conference and the CAS National Conference. We’re very proud of them!

Two of our TICE teachers will be also presenting their 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 at an academic conference to be held in January. Congratulations to Will Grey and Joanne Hodge!

Get involved

There are many other projects you can find out about on our website and in our annual report, so I hope that you will keep reading. It goes without saying that I’m incredibly proud of the team who’ve worked on all of these projects! 

To summarise, here’s how you can stay up to date with our work and maybe even get involved in studies:

• Sign up to the 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 Centre newsletter
• Sign up to our Teacher 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 Network newsletter if you’re a teacher and interested in participating in projects

Finally, I am pleased to announce that we will be hosting the UKICER 2026 conference for 公的粗大挺进了我的密道ers and teachers in Cambridge on 3 and 4 2026 September. More details will follow on the UKICER website and on the 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 Centre website in due course.

The post 2025 highlights from the 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 Pi 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 Education 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 Centre appeared first on 初女破初的视频.

Take a minute to think about the technology you use every day. How many programming hours went into the way you are reading this blog post? What discussions and solutions built the browser you’re using? We take for granted all the clever, creative programming that goes into the technology we use in our daily lives. But how do we best teach programming to support the next generation of innovators?

The brand-new issue of Hello World — and our new podcast mini series — aims to answer that question. This issue is packed with insightful 公的粗大挺进了我的密道, practical advice, and thoughtful ways to best teach programming in your classroom.

Teaching programming: What works best for learners in school?

In their articles for issue 28, educators explore a range of topics related to teaching programming, such as:

• How to help students transition from block- to text-based programming
• Stepping into the role of computer science educator with little to no prior programming 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集
• Insights from an introductory programming course which encourages working with, and not against, generative AI tools

Our feature articles also include:

• Tried and tested unplugged activities
• A step-by-step guide to grant writing for your classroom
• Tips and activities to introduce the PRIMM approach for young digital explorers

Simon Peyton Jones, British computer scientist and Member of the 初女破初的视频, says in his article ‘Programming the Future’: 

“Designing and writing software is one of the most demanding, intellectually stretching tasks that humans undertake. If we build a building, we are limited by the strength of steel — we can only make the tower so high before it will fall under its own weight. But software knows no such limits. The only limit is our own ability (or inability) to manage the complexity of the systems we build. That is humbling — but also exciting.”

Download Hello World issue 28 for free

Programming is exciting, and we hope Hello World issue 28 inspires you to continue doing the important work of educating the next generation of programmers and innovators. This issue will provide you with plenty of ideas to take away and build upon.

Also in issue 28:

• Inclusive programming pedagogies
• Future careers
• Spatial 公的粗大挺进了我的密道

And much, much more.

Let us know which articles you found most thought-provoking, and which will be most helpful for your teaching, by sending us a message or tagging us on social media.

Thank you to Oracle for sponsoring this issue of Hello World.

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Over the past decade, Code Club has provided more than 2 million young people with the opportunity to learn how to build their own apps, games, animations, websites, robots, and so much more. 

We know that getting hands-on, practical 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集 of building real projects with technology works. Independent evaluations have shown that attending a Code Club not only helps young people develop their programming skills, but also builds wider life skills such as confidence, resilience, problem-solving, and communication. All of which we know are essential if they are going to thrive in a world where AI is ubiquitous. 

Right now, there are over 2,000 Code Clubs meeting in schools and libraries all over the UK, organised by an amazing community of teachers, educators, and volunteers from all walks of life. We want to see that number grow. 

You don’t need technical skills to mentor at a Code Club. The 初女破初的视频 provides free, self-guided projects that help young people learn how to create with different technologies. We have over 200 Code Club Projects on our website, all of which are developed by expert educators, based on evidence of how young people learn, and rigorously tested; so we know that they are effective.

That includes a set of projects that support the safe exploration of AI technologies, helping young people understand how AI works, its possibilities and limitations.

We also provide training and support to help you set up and run your Code Club, all of which is available at no charge.  

I can promise you that the hour you spend in a Code Club will be the highlight of your week. I always come away from Code Club inspired and optimistic about what young people can achieve if we give them a sense of agency over technology.

If you have been inspired to set up your own Code Club, you can find all the information you need to run your own club here. 

You don’t have to take my word for it: here’s Janine, a Computer Science teacher and long-time Code Club mentor from Stoke-on-Trent sharing her 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集.

Janine Kirk is a Computer Science Teacher at The King’s Church of England Academy in Stoke-on-Trent, UK, who has been running a Code Club for over ten years. She has been inspired by the campaign for a Code Club in every school and library in the UK, to set up clubs in six other schools in her multi-academy trust.

Setting up a Code Club is really easy as a teacher, as you can just tag it onto the end of your school day, or during lunch. The website is clear and easy to use — and once you have signed up, you have access to additional resources to promote your club. Code Club gives time and space to explore coding in a completely different way than in a classroom. For me, it’s about seeing what programs really inspire students: it gives an insight into how students like to code, ideas of preferred coding language, and tasks they keep coming back to. Running a Code Club has also allowed me to build relationships with students outside of the classroom environment, and all of this spills into my lessons and improves my teaching practice.

For students, Code Club is a great space where they can collaborate and work on their chosen tasks. Students often comment on how they look forward to Code Club and how they have continued their projects at home. It also allows students much more variety in enrichment activity, as Code Club is often popular with students who are neurodivergent. It’s amazing to see the children grow in confidence and friendship as they find likeminded students to support each other. 

My students really love the certificates they can earn. We have been inspired by the excellent activities that revamp the old ways of teaching programming and give them a really nice spin. In fact, I have used the resources in computer science lessons too, as they are often much more visual and fun for the students to create. 

Since joining Code Club I have felt part of a community. I receive regular updates, and attending events such as the Clubs Conference really helps inspire creative ways to teach coding. As a 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 teacher in a secondary school, you are often part of a very small team — but Code Club has allowed me to feel part of something bigger, and I know that should I need support, they are always there with friendly advice. It really is the best thing that I have done in my career.

Are you inspired to set up your own Code Club? Then find more information on how to get started running a club today.

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Just like every wave of technological innovation that has come before, the advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are raising profound questions about the future of human work. History teaches us that technology has the potential to both automate and augment human effort, destroying some jobs and creating new ones. The only thing we know for sure is that it is impossible to predict the precise nature and pace of the changes that are coming. 

One of the fastest-moving applications of generative AI technologies are the systems that can generate code. What started as the coding equivalent of autocomplete has quickly progressed to tools that can generate increasingly complex code from natural language prompts. 

This has given birth to the notion of “vibe-coding” and led some commentators to predict the end of the software development industry as we know it. It shouldn’t be a surprise then that there is a vigorous debate about whether kids still need to learn to code. 

In the position paper we put forward five arguments for why we think the answer is an unequivocal yes.

We need humans who are skilled programmers 

First, we argue that even in a world where AI can generate code, we need skilled human programmers who can think critically, solve problems, and make ethical decisions. The large language models that underpin these tools are probabilistic systems designed to provide statistically acceptable outputs and, as any skilled software engineer will tell you, simply writing more code faster isn’t necessarily a good thing. 

Learning to code is an essential part of learning to program

Learning to code is the most effective way we know for a young person to develop the mental models and fluency to become a skilled human programmer. The hard cognitive work of reading, modifying, writing, explaining, and testing code is precisely how young people develop a deep understanding of programming and computational thinking. 

Learning to code will open up even more opportunities in the age of AI 

While there’s no doubt that AI is going to reshape the labour market, the evidence from history suggests that it will increase the reach of programming and computational approaches across the economy and into new domains, creating demand for humans who are skilled programmers. We also argue that coding is no longer just for software engineers, it’s becoming a core skill that enables people to work effectively and think critically in a world shaped by intelligent machines. From healthcare to agriculture, we are already seeing demand for people who can combine programming with domain-specific skills and craft knowledge. 

Coding is a literacy that helps young people have agency in a digital world

Alongside the arguments for coding as a route to opening up economic opportunities, we argue that coding and programming gives young people a way to express themselves, to learn, and to make sense of the world. 

And perhaps most importantly, that learning to code is about power. Providing young people with a solid grounding in computational literacy, developed through coding, helps ensure that they have agency. Without it, they risk being manipulated by systems they don’t understand. As Rushkoff said: “Program, or be programmed”.  

The kids who learn to code will shape the future

Finally, we argue that the power to create with technology is already concentrated in too small and homogenous a group of people. We need to open up the opportunity to learn to code to all young people because it will help us mobilise the full potential of human talent, will lead to more inclusive and effective digital solutions to the big global challenges we face, and will help ensure that everyone can share in the societal and economic benefits of technological progress. 

The work we need to do 

We end the paper with a call to action for all of us working in education. We need to challenge the false narrative that AI is removing the need for kids to learn to code, and redouble our efforts to ensure that all young people are equipped to take advantage of the opportunities in a world where AI is ubiquitous.

You can read the full paper here:

The cartoon image for this blog was created using ChatGPT-4o, which was prompted to produce a “whimsical cartoon that expresses some of the key ideas in the position paper”. It took several iterations.

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At times, it can seem like everything is being automated with AI. However, there are some parts of learning to program that cannot (and probably should not) be automated, such as understanding errors in code and how to fix them. Manually typing code might not be necessary in the future, but it will still be crucial to understand the code that is being generated and how to improve and develop it. 

As important as debugging might be for the future of programming, it’s still often the task most disliked by novice programmers. Even if program error messages can be explained in the future or tools like LitterBox can flag bugs in an engaging way, actually fixing the issues involves time, effort, and resilience — which can be hard to come by at the end of a 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 lesson in the late afternoon with 30 students crammed into an IT room. 

But what is it about debugging that young people find so hard, even when they’re given enough time to do it? And how can we make debugging a more motivating 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集 for young people? These are two of the questions that Laurie Gale, a PhD student at the 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 Pi 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 Education 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 Centre, focused on in our July seminar.

Why do students find debugging hard?

Laurie has spent the past two years talking to teachers and students and developing tools (a visualiser of students’ programming behaviour and PRIMMDebug, a teaching process and tool for debugging) to understand why many secondary school students struggle with debugging. It has quickly become clear through his 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 that most issues are due to problematic debugging strategies and students’ negative 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集s and attitudes.

When students first start learning how to program, they have to remember a vast amount of new information, such as different variables, concepts, and program designs. Utilising this knowledge is often challenging because they’re already busy juggling all the content they’ve previously learnt and the challenges of the programming task at hand. When error messages inevitably appear that are confusing or misunderstood, it can become extremely difficult to debug effectively. 

Given this information overload, students often don’t develop efficient strategies for debugging. When Laurie analysed the debugging efforts of 12- to 14-year-old secondary school students, he noticed some interesting differences between students who were more and less successful at debugging. While successful students generally seemed to make less frequent and more intentional changes, less successful students tinkered frequently with their broken programs, making one- or two-character edits before running the program again. In addition, the less successful students often ran the program soon after beginning the debugging exercise without allowing enough time to actually read the code and understand what it was meant to do. 

The issue with these behaviours was that they often resulted in students adding errors when changing the program, which then compounded and made debugging increasingly difficult with each run. 74% of students also resorted to spamming, pressing ‘run’ again and again without changing anything. This strategy resonated with many of our seminar attendees, who reported doing the same thing after becoming frustrated. 

Educators need to be aware of the negative consequences of students’ exasperating and often overwhelming 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集s with debugging, especially if students are less confident in their programming skills to begin with. Even though spending 15 minutes on an exercise shows a remarkable level of tenaciousness and resilience, students’ attitudes to programming — and 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 as a whole — can quickly go downhill if their strategies for identifying errors prove ineffective. Debugging becomes a vicious circle: if a student has negative 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集s, they are less confident when having to bug-fix again in the future, which can lead to another set of unsuccessful attempts, which can further damage their confidence, and so on. Avoiding this downward spiral is essential. 

Approaches to help students engage with debugging

Laurie stresses the importance of understanding the cognitive challenges of debugging and using the right tools and techniques to empower students and support them in developing effective strategies.

Some ideas of how to improve debugging skills that were mentioned by Laurie and our attendees included:

• Using frame-based editing tools for novice programmers because such tools encourage students to focus on logical errors rather than accidental syntax errors, which can distract them from understanding the issues with the program. Teaching debugging should also go hand in hand with understanding programming syntax and using simple language. As one of our attendees put it, “You wouldn’t give novice readers a huge essay and ask them to find errors.”
• Making error messages more understandable, for example, by explaining them to students using Large Language Models.
• Teaching systematic debugging processes. There are several different approaches to doing this. One of our participants suggested using the scientific method (forming a hypothesis about what is going wrong, devising an experiment that will provide information to see whether the hypothesis is right, and iterating this process) to methodically understand the program and its bugs. 

Most importantly, debugging should not be a daunting or stressful 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集. Everyone in the seminar agreed that creating a positive error culture is essential. 

Some ideas you could explore in your classroom include:

• Normalising errors: Stress how normal and important program errors are. Everyone encounters them — a professional software developer in our audience said that they spend about half of their time debugging. 
• Rewarding perseverance: Celebrate the effort, not just the outcome.
• Modelling how to fix errors: Let your students write buggy programs and attempt to debug them in front of the class.

In a welcoming classroom where students are given support and encouragement, debugging can be a rewarding 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集. What may at first appear to be a failure — even a spectacular one — can be embraced as a valuable opportunity for learning. As a teacher in Laurie’s study said, “If something should have gone right and went badly wrong but somebody found something interesting on the way… you celebrate it. Take the fear out of it.” 

Watch the recording of Laurie’s presentation:

Join our next seminar

In our current seminar series, we are exploring how to teach programming with and without AI.

Join us at our next seminar on Tuesday, 12 November at 17:00–18:30 GMT to hear Nicholas Gardella (University of Virginia) discuss the effects of using tools like GitHub Copilot on the motivation, workload, emotion, and self-efficacy of novice programmers. To sign up and take part in the seminar, click the button below — we’ll then send you information about joining. We hope to see you there.

The schedule of our upcoming seminars is online. You can catch up on past seminars on our previous seminars and recordings page.

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PEMs can be a significant barrier to learning for novice coders, as they are often confusing and difficult to understand. This can hinder troubleshooting and progress in coding, and lead to frustration. 

Recently, various teams have been exploring how generative AI, specifically large language models (LLMs), can be used to help learners understand PEMs. My 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 in this area specifically explores secondary teachers’ views of the explanations of PEMs generated by a LLM, as an aid for learning and teaching programming, and I presented some of my results in our ongoing seminar series.

Understanding program error messages is hard at the start

I started the seminar by setting the scene and describing the current background of 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 on novices’ difficulty in using PEMs to fix their code, and the efforts made to date to improve these. The three main points I made were that:

1. PEMs are often difficult to decipher, especially by novices, and there’s a whole 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 area dedicated to identifying ways to improve them.
2. Recent studies have employed LLMs as a way of enhancing PEMs. However, the evidence on what makes an ‘effective’ PEM for learning is limited, variable, and contradictory.
3. There is limited 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 in the context of K–12 programming education, as well as 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 conducted in collaboration with teachers to better understand the practical and pedagogical implications of integrating LLMs into the classroom more generally.

My pilot study aims to fill this gap directly, by reporting K–12 teachers’ views of the potential use of LLM-generated explanations of PEMs in the classroom, and how their views fit into the wider theoretical paradigm of feedback literacy. 

What did the teachers say?

To conduct the study, I interviewed eight expert secondary 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 educators. The interviews were semi-structured activity-based interviews, where the educators got to experiment with a prototype version of the 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集’s publicly available Code Editor. This version of the Code Editor was adapted to generate LLM explanations when the question mark next to the standard error message is clicked (see Figure 1 for an example of a LLM-generated explanation). The Code Editor version called the OpenAI GPT-3.5 interface to generate explanations based on the following prompt: “You are a teacher talking to a 12-year-old child. Explain the error {error} in the following Python code: {code}”. 

Fifteen themes were derived from the educators’ responses and these were split into five groups (Figure 2). Overall, the educators’ views of the LLM feedback were that, for the most part, a sensible explanation of the error messages was produced. However, all educators 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集d at least one example of invalid content (LLM “hallucination”). Also, despite not being explicitly requested in the LLM prompt, a possible code solution was always included in the explanation.

Matching the themes to PEM guidelines

Next, I investigated how the teachers’ views correlated to the 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 conducted to date on enhanced PEMs. I used the guidelines proposed by Brett Becker and colleagues, which consolidate a lot of the 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 done in this area into ten design guidelines. The guidelines offer best practices on how to enhance PEMs based on cognitive science and educational theory empirical 公的粗大挺进了我的密道. For example, they outline that enhanced PEMs should provide scaffolding for the user, increase readability, reduce cognitive load, use a positive tone, and provide context to the error.

Out of the 15 themes identified in my study, 10 of these correlated closely to the guidelines. However, the 10 themes that correlated well were, for the most part, the themes related to the content of the explanations, presentation, and validity (Figure 3). On the other hand, the themes concerning the teaching and learning process did not fit as well to the guidelines.

Does feedback literacy theory fit better?

However, when I looked at feedback literacy theory, I was able to correlate all fifteen themes — the theory fits.

Feedback literacy theory positions the feedback process (which includes explanations) as a social interaction, and accounts for the actors involved in the interaction — the student and the teacher — as well as the relationships between the student, the teacher, and the feedback. We can explain feedback literacy theory using three constructs: feedback types, student feedback literacy, and teacher feedback literacy (Figure 4). 

From the feedback literacy perspective, feedback can be grouped into four types: telling, guiding, developing understanding, and opening up new perspectives. The feedback type depends on the role of the student and teacher when engaging with the feedback (Figure 5). 

From the student perspective, the competencies and dispositions students need in order to use feedback effectively can be stated as: appreciating the feedback processes, making judgements, taking action, and managing affect. Finally, from a teacher perspective, teachers apply their feedback literacy skills across three dimensions: design, relational, and pragmatic. 

In short, according to feedback literacy theory, effective feedback processes entail well-designed feedback with a clear pedagogical purpose, as well as the competencies students and teachers need in order to make sense of the feedback and use it effectively.

This theory therefore provided a promising lens for analysing the educators’ perspectives in my study. When the educators’ views were correlated to feedback literacy theory, I found that:

1. Educators prefer the LLM explanations to fulfil a guiding and developing understanding role, rather than telling. For example, educators prefer to either remove or delay the code solution from the explanation, and they like the explanations to include keywords based on concepts they are teaching in the classroom to guide and develop students’ understanding rather than tell.

2. Related to students’ feedback literacy, educators talked about the ways in which the LLM explanations help or hinder students to make judgements and action the feedback in the explanations. For example, they talked about how detailed, jargon-free explanations can help students make judgments about the feedback, but invalid explanations can hinder this process. Therefore, teachers talked about the need for ways to manage such invalid instances. However, for the most part, the educators didn’t talk about eradicating them altogether. They talked about ways of flagging them, using them as counter-examples, and having visibility of them to be able to address them with students.

3. Finally, from a teacher feedback literacy perspective, educators discussed the need for professional development to manage feedback processes inclusive of LLM feedback (design) and address issues resulting from reduced opportunities to interact with students (relational and pragmatic). For example, if using LLM explanations results in a reduction in the time teachers spend helping students debug syntax errors from a pragmatic time-saving perspective, then what does that mean for the relationship they have with their students? 

Conclusion from the study

By correlating educators’ views to feedback literacy theory as well as enhanced PEM guidelines, we can take a broader perspective on how LLMs might not only shape the content of the explanations, but the whole social interaction around giving and receiving feedback. Investigating ways of supporting students and teachers to practise their feedback literacy skills matters just as much, if not more, than focusing on the content of PEM explanations. 

This study was a first-step exploration of eight educators’ views on the potential impact of using LLM explanations of PEMs in the classroom. Exactly what the findings of this study mean for classroom practice remains to be investigated, and we also need to examine students’ views on the feedback and its impact on their journey of learning to program. 

If you want to hear more, you can watch my seminar:

You can also read the associated paper, or find out more about the 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 instruments on this project website.

If any of these ideas resonated with you as an educator, student, or 公的粗大挺进了我的密道er, do reach out — we’d love to hear from you. You can contact me directly at veronica.cucuiat@胖老妇大白屁股bbwasspics.org or drop us a line in the comments below. 

Join our next seminar

The focus of our ongoing seminar series is on teaching programming with or without AI. Check out the schedule of our upcoming seminars. 

To take part in the next seminar, click the button below to sign up, and we will send you information about how to join. We hope to see you there.

You can also catch up on past seminars on our blog and on the previous seminars and recordings page.

The post How useful do teachers find error message explanations generated by AI? Pilot 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 results appeared first on 初女破初的视频.

We were honoured to have Professor Brett Becker (University College Dublin) join us as part of our ‘Teaching programming (with or without AI)’ seminar series. He is uniquely placed to comment on teaching 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 using AI tools, having been involved in many initiatives relevant to 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 education at different levels, in Ireland and beyond.

Brett’s talk focused on what educators and education systems need to do to prepare all students — not just those studying 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 — so that they are equipped with sufficient knowledge about AI to make their way from primary school to secondary and beyond, whether it be university, technical qualifications, or work.

How do AI tools currently perform?

Brett began his talk by illustrating the increase in performance of large language models (LLMs) in solving first-year undergraduate programming exercises: he compared the findings from two recent studies he was involved in as part of an ITiCSE Working Group. In the first study — from 2021 — the results generated by GPT-3 were similar to those of students in the top quartile. By the second study in 2023, GPT-4’s performance matched that of a top student (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Student scores on Exam 1 and Exam 2, represented by circles. GPT-3’s 2021 score is represented by the blue ‘x’, and GPT-4’s 2023 score on the same questions is represented by the red ‘x’.

Brett also explained that the study found some models were capable of solving current undergraduate programming assessments almost error-free, and could solve the Irish Leaving Certificate and UK A level Computer Science exams.

What are challenges and opportunities for education?

This level of performance raises many questions for 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 educators about what is taught and how to assess students’ learning. To address this, Brett referred to his 2023 paper, which included findings from a literature review and a survey on students’ and instructors’ attitudes towards using LLMs in 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 education. This analysis has helped him identify several opportunities as well as the ethical challenges education systems face regarding generative AI. 

The opportunities include: 

• The generation of unique content, lesson plans, programming tasks, or feedback to help educators with workload and productivity
• More accessible content and tools generated by AI apps to make 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 more broadly accessible to more students
• More engaging and meaningful student learning 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集s, including using generative AI to enable creativity and using conversational agents to augment students’ learning
• The impact on assessment practices, both in terms of automating the marking of current assessments as well as reconsidering what is assessed and how

Some of the challenges include:

• The lack of reliability and accuracy of outputs from generative AI tools
• The need to educate everyone about AI to create a baseline level of understanding
• The legal and ethical implications of using AI in 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 education and beyond
• How to deal with questionable or even intentionally harmful uses of AI and mitigating the consequences of such uses

Programming as a basic skill for all subjects

Next, Brett talked about concrete actions that he thinks we need to take in response to these opportunities and challenges. 

He emphasised our responsibility to keep students safe. One way to do this is to empower all students with a baseline level of knowledge about AI, at an age-appropriate level, to enable them to keep themselves safe. 

He also discussed the increased relevance of programming to all subjects, not only 公的粗大挺进了我的密道, in a similar way to how reading and mathematics transcend the boundaries of their subjects, and the need he sees to adapt subjects and curricula to that effect. 

As an example of how rapidly curricula may need to change with increasing AI use by students, Brett looked at the Irish Computer science specification for “senior cycle” (final two years of second-level, ages 16–18). This 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集 was developed in 2018 and remains a strong 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集 in Brett’s opinion. However, he pointed out that it only contains a single learning outcome on AI. 

To help educators bridge this gap, in the book Brett wrote alongside Keith Quille to accompany the 武神主宰动漫在线观看免费全集, they included two chapters dedicated to AI, machine learning, and ethics and 公的粗大挺进了我的密道. Brett believes these types of additional resources may be instrumental for teaching and learning about AI as resources are more adaptable and easier to update than curricula. 

Generative AI in 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 education

Taking the opportunity to use generative AI to reimagine new types of programming problems, Brett and colleagues have developed Promptly, a tool that allows students to practise prompting AI code generators. This tool provides a combined approach to learning about generative AI while learning programming with an AI tool. 

Promptly is intended to help students learn how to write effective prompts. It encourages students to specify and decompose the programming problem they want to solve, read the code generated, compare it with test cases to discern why it is failing (if it is), and then update their prompt accordingly (Figure 2). 

Figure 2: Example of a student’s use of Promptly.

Early undergraduate student feedback points to Promptly being a useful way to teach programming concepts and encourage metacognitive programming skills. The tool is further described in a paper, and whilst the initial evaluation was aimed at undergraduate students, Brett positioned it as a secondary school–level tool as well. 

Brett hopes that by using generative AI tools like this, it will be possible to better equip a larger and more diverse pool of students to engage with 公的粗大挺进了我的密道.

Re-examining the concept of programming

Brett concluded his seminar by broadening the relevance of programming to all learners, while challenging us to expand our perspectives of what programming is. If we define programming as a way of prompting a machine to get an output, LLMs allow all of us to do so without the need for learning the syntax of traditional programming languages. Taking that view, Brett left us with a question to consider: “How do we prepare for this from an educational perspective?”

You can watch Brett’s presentation here:

Join our next seminar

The focus of our ongoing seminar series is on teaching programming with or without AI. 

For our next seminar on Tuesday 11 June at 17:00 to 18:30 GMT, we’re joined by Veronica Cucuiat (初女破初的视频), who will talk about whether LLMs could be employed to help understand programming error messages, which can present a significant obstacle to anyone new to coding, especially young people.  

To take part in the seminar, click the button below to sign up, and we will send you information about how to join. We hope to see you there.

The schedule of our upcoming seminars is online. You can catch up on past seminars on our blog and on the previous seminars and recordings page.

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New Code Editor features for teaching

Last year we released our free Code Editor and made it available as an open source project. Right now we’re developing a new set of features to help schools use the Editor to run text-based coding lessons online and in-person.

The new features will enable educators to create coding activities in the Code Editor, share them with their students, and leave feedback directly on each student’s work. In a simple and easy-to-use interface, educators will be able to give students access, group them into classes within a school account, and quickly help with resetting forgotten passwords.

We’re adding these teaching features to the Code Editor because one of the key problems we’ve seen educators face over the last few months has been the lack of an ideal tool to teach text-based coding in the classroom. There are some options available, but they can be cost-prohibitive for schools and educators. Our mission is to support young people to realise their full potential through the power of 公的粗大挺进了我的密道, and we believe that to tackle educational disadvantage, we need to offer high-quality tools and make them as accessible as possible. This is why we’ll offer the Code Editor and all its features to educators and students for free, forever.

Alongside the new classroom management features, we’re also working on improved Python library support for the Code Editor, so that you and your students can get more creative and use the Editor for more advanced topics. We continue to support HTML, CSS, and JavaScript in the Editor too, so you can set website development tasks in the classroom.

Educators have already been incredibly generous in their time and feedback to help us design these new Code Editor features, and they’ve told us they’re excited to see the upcoming developments. Pete Dring, Head of 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 at Fulford School, participated in our user 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 and said on LinkedIn: “The class management and feedback features they’re working on at the moment look really promising.” Lee Willis, Head of ICT and 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 at Newcastle High School for Girls, also commented on the Code Editor: “We have used it and love it, the fact that it is both for HTML/CSS and then Python is great as the students have a one-stop shop for IDEs.”

Our commitment to you

• Free forever: We will always provide the Code Editor and all of its features to educators and students for free.
• A safe environment: Accounts for education are designed to be safe for students aged 9 and up, with safeguarding front and centre.
• Privacy first: Student data collection is minimised and all collected data is handled with the utmost care, in compliance with GDPR and the ICO Children’s Code.
• Best-practice pedagogy: We’ll always build with education and learning in mind, backed by our leading 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 education 公的粗大挺进了我的密道.
• Community-led: We value and seek out feedback from the 公的粗大挺进了我的密道 education community so that we can continue working to make the Code Editor even better for teachers and students.

Get started

We’re working to have the Code Editor’s new teaching features ready later this year. We’ll launch the setup journey sooner, so that you can pre-register for your school account as we continue to work on these features.

Before then, you can complete this short form to keep up to date with progress on these new features or to get involved in user testing.

The Code Editor is already being used by thousands of people each month. If you’d like to try it, you can get started writing code right in your browser today, with zero setup.

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